Continuing The American Revolution series...
The American colonies were independent from one another in many ways, but they did share some similarities. The colonies could be defined as falling into one of three types: the corporate colony – Connecticut, Rhode Island – the colony’s residents made their own constitution which was ratified by the monarch; the proprietary colony – Maryland, Pennsylvania – the monarch gave the colony to a person; and the royal colony – New York, South Carolina, North Carolina, Georgia, Massachusetts – a colony owned by the monarch.
New England colonies had townships oriented around the church. With Puritan roots and a high respect for the Bible, literacy was encouraged and universities like Harvard and Yale blossomed. As commerce boomed the church’s authority became slightly diluted. The predominant type of farm was a small farm supported by family labor. There was some slave labor, but the least in comparison to the Middle colonies and the Southern colonies. The New England colonies were very insular and excluded those of different religions or ethnicities. While lacking diversity, they were able to unite quickly if their rights were infringed upon.
The Middle colonies - New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Delaware – were less of a coherent region. Marked by diversity and religious tolerance, this region was founded by Quakers, who promoted an internal moral spirit rather than a strict church structure. Immigrants from Germany, Ireland, and Scotland came to take advantage of lots of land.
The Southern colonies considered themselves the most republican and virtuous of the colonies. Their society ranged from the extremes of aristocrats to a glut of poor, common folk. These colonies were structured around widely scattered plantations owned and controlled by Southern gentlemen, who managed local affairs and spent their leisure time gambling, horse racing, and drinking. This ruling elite ethos carried with it a spirit of entitlement and independence, that later inspired resistance to Britain’s infringement on their rights. Virginia believed itself as the leader of the South.
Education was less important in the Southern colonies compared to the Northern colonies. The College of William and Mary was more about social training than academic learning. The University of Virginia was created by Thomas Jefferson for better academics, but it evolved into a party school, with drinking and boisterous activity, like shooting off guns.
Slavery had a big impact on the tone of life. The population averaged 1.3 to 1.7 white males to 1 slave and in some colonies like South Carolina, there was a black majority.